Essay Anthem for Doomed Youth by Wilfred Owen - 1182 Words

Anthem for Doomed Youth by Wilfred Owen The sonnet ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth’, by Wilfred Owen, criticizes war. The speaker is Wilfred Owen, whose tone is first bitter, angry and ironic. Then it’s filled with intense sadness and an endless feeling of emptiness. The poet uses poetic techniques such as diction, imagery, and sound to convey his idea. The title, ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth’, gives the first impression of the poem. An ‘anthem’, is a song of praise, perhaps sacred, so we get the impression that the poem might me about something religious or joyous. However, the anthem is for ‘Doomed Youth’ which is obviously negative. The title basically summarizes what the poem is; a mixture of thoughts related to religion and death,†¦show more content†¦The climax in irony is ‘Shrill, demented choirs of wailing shells’; however, just as the poems irony climaxes, we are taken away from the war to the ‘sad shires’. Furthermore, the last two lines of the octet are transition lines: they prepare you for the sestet by slowing the pace and softening the tone, ‘And bugles calling for them from sad shires.’. The sestet of the poem, by using strong religious motifs, concentrates on what will happen after the war: about the friends and families left behind. The vast number of dead ‘cattle’ is described by Own when he says that there aren’t enough ‘candles’ to ‘speed them all’, and there aren’t any official funerals, but they can only be mourned by releasing their ‘holy glimmers of good-byes’ and that ‘the pallor of girls brows shall be their pall’. Lastly, it is stated that for the ‘patient minds’, each day passes by very ‘slow’ and they ‘draw down’ their ‘blinds’ as if slowly getting rid of any hope left. Nevertheless, they are finally in serenity. The poem is divided into two different ideas. The first part’s tone is at first violent, firm and negative; while the second part’s is miserable and unhopeful. The mood of the octet and sestet is similar to their tone: angry and depressive. Throughout the sonnet, Owen has used two rhetorical questions: one at the beginning of the octet and one at the beginning of the sestet. The diction and the actualShow MoreRelatedAnthem For Doomed Youth By Wilfred Owen1187 Words   |  5 PagesWilfred Owen joined the corps in 1915, at the tender age of twenty-two therefore his poems are testimonial, reflecting the gullibility evinced by many of the other young soldiers who fought in the World War. Consequently, Owen’s poems allude to a theme of the loss of innocence in the young soldiers as they were unprepared for the reality of what they would encounter. He also illustrates that the soldiers joined for materialistic reasons (e.g. titles, patronage) spurred in by the fervent propagandaRead MoreAnthem for Doomed Youth by Wilfred Owen776 Words   |  3 Pages â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth† is a poem written by Wilfred Owen who was a soldier that died in the Great War. Throughout his poem he effectively communicates the distress and terror he experienced during his time of service. By Owen using a sonnet layout he is using irony as he is talking about an anthem of war not an anthem of love. The use of a traditional sonnet provides an emphasis on the severity of the subject. The poem is structured in 14 lines which Owen has divided into two stanzas. BothRead MoreAnthem For Doomed Youth By Wilfred Owen932 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Anthem For Doomed Youth† by Wilfred Owen helps us open up our thoughts to be able to look deeper into the meaning of how boys put their lives on the line to protect their country. The poem is 14 lines with themes of war, religion and death. In just two stanzas there is a rhyme scheme of ABABCDCD EFFEGG that is seen. The first stanza represents the octave and the second stanza represents the sestet. Owen’s poem in the form of a sonnet puts the volta going from the first to second stanza by connectingRead MoreWilfred Owen Anthem for Doomed Youth Analysis1000 Words   |  4 PagesAnthem of the Doomed Youth by Wilfred Owen The poem I chose to study is Anthem of the doomed youth by Wilfred Owen. Wilfred Owen, the son of a railway worker, was born in Plas Wilmot, near Oswestry, on 18th March, 1893. Owens youthful illusion of the glory of fighting as a soldier was reflected in his words to his mother on his return to England shortly before volunteering for the army...I now do most intensely want to fight. In the summer of 1917 Owen was badly concussed atRead More`` They `` And Wilfred Owen s `` Anthem For Doomed Youth ``1460 Words   |  6 PagesSiegfried Sassoon’s â€Å"They† and Wilfred Owen’s â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth† depict disillusionment with religion justifying or romanticizing World War I. Both these poems express the authors’ frustrations that religion cannot justify the tragedies and consequences of the war. These frustrations are conveyed through tones of mocking and sarcasm, in addition to other methods. In â€Å"They† Sassoon creates a conversation between a Bishop and soldiers to express his frustration, while Owen uses sarcastic questionsRead MoreEssay on Anthem for Doomed Youth Commentary Wilfred Owen1216 Words   |  5 PagesThe sonnet ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth, by Wilfred Owen, criticizes war. The speaker is Wilfred Owen, whose tone is first bitter, angry and ironic. Then its filled with intense sadness and an endless feeling of emp tiness. The poet uses poetic techniques such as diction, imagery, and sound to convey his idea. The title, ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth, gives the first impression of the poem. An ‘anthem, is a song of praise, perhaps sacred, so we get the impression that the poem might me about somethingRead MoreThe Soldier By Rupert Brooke And Anthem For Doomed Youth By Wilfred Owen1367 Words   |  6 Pages‘The Soldier’ by Rupert Brooke and ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth’ by Wilfred Owen are two World War One era sonnets, both making a comment on what it means to die in war. The two poets show very different views on war, as both had very different experiences in war. Rupert Brooke died before he made it to war, his poem highlights the soldier as a hero and glorifies dying in war, in contrast Wilfred Owen shows a grittier side to death in war, as he experienced war first hand and his poem is real and brutalRead MoreEssay about Analysis of Anthem For Doomed Youth by Wilfred Owen937 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of Anthem For Doomed Youth by Wilfred Owen The first poem that I am to analyse is Anthem for Doomed Youth, written by Wilfred Owen. This poem is a sonnet. It has fourteen lines. In this poem, the first and fourth lines rhyme, as do the second and third. The first stanza is mainly about the battlefield, whereas the second stanza is more about the feelings of friends and family back at home. This poem starts off at a quick pace, and then slows down throughout Read MoreAnthem For Doomed Youth And Dulce Et Decorum Est By Wilfred Owen1378 Words   |  6 PagesWilfred Owen is today recognised as the greatest poet of the first World War, his poetry at the time was considered to be controversial as it revealed the truths behind trench warfare and contradicted popular attitudes at the time. The works of Wilfred Owen, and specifically, the poems of ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth’ and ‘Dulce et Decorum Est’ are both successful in powerfully giving a voice to the soldiers of war and conveying the dark and inextricable truth behind war provoking the reader to considerRead MoreAnalysis Of Poem Anthem For Doomed Youth By Wilfred Owen And Trench Duty927 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant factor affecting many people’s lives. The two sonnets â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth† by Wilfred Owen and â€Å"Trench Duty† by Siegfried Sassoon are two tal es inspired by their experiences fighting in WW1 and all the horrors that war made them experience. Both poets use different sonnet structures, yet convey quite similar messages. In addition, these poets develop powerful images and metaphors, but in subtly different ways. Sassoon and Owen use structure, imagery and metaphor to show his audience the

Développer - to Develop - French Verb Conjugations

The  French verb  dà ©velopper  means to develop. Find conjugations for dà ©velopper  in the tables below. Conjugations of  Dà ©velopper Present Future Imperfect Present participle je dveloppe dvelopperai dveloppais dveloppant tu dveloppes dvelopperas dveloppais il dveloppe dveloppera dveloppait nous dveloppons dvelopperons dveloppions vous dveloppez dvelopperez dveloppiez ils dveloppent dvelopperont dveloppaient Pass compos Auxiliary verb avoir Past participle dvelopp Subjunctive Conditional Pass simple Imperfect subjunctive je dveloppe dvelopperais dveloppai dveloppasse tu dveloppes dvelopperais dveloppas dveloppasses il dveloppe dvelopperait dveloppa dveloppt nous dveloppions dvelopperions dveloppmes dveloppassions vous dveloppiez dvelopperiez dvelopptes dveloppassiez ils dveloppent dvelopperaient dvelopprent dveloppassent Imperative tu dveloppe nous dveloppons vous dveloppez Verb conjugation patternDà ©velopper  is a  regular -ER verb

The Epic Of Gilgamesh, By Herbert Mason - 880 Words

Gilgamesh is an ancient text which still exists today, it dates back to approximately 3,000 B.C. Despite the fact that it is old, people can still relate to its themes today. A few themes portrayed within the story include, love, friendship, the meaning of life, and death. A book that well represents a human’s existence in this world. At some point every individual experiences those issues in their life. Gilgamesh represents existentialism; a philosophy that emphasizes individual existence, freedom, and choice as one learns about themselves through acts of will. Three examples that relate to existentialism in Gilgamesh by Herbert Mason, involve relationships, how boredom leads to exploration, and how one discovers themselves throughout the journey by questioning the meaning of life. To begin with, Sadigh says that human relationships play a part in existentialism, which offer wisdom about the nature of relationships. From the start Gilgamesh’s description is unpleasant. He is disliked by all of his people; they want him gone because of his dictatorship. Therefore, the people plead to the gods for help. Because of that, the gods send a prostitute to humanize Enkidu, since he is one third man and two-thirds animal. He self-develops and becomes closer with the prostitute as they make love. Sadigh mentions that, â€Å"relationships play a significant role in our gaining of self-consciousness† (79). Shamhat certaonly helps Enkidu with his self-conscious, she brings out the manShow MoreRelatedThe Epic Of Gilgamesh, By Herbert Mason2237 Words   |  9 Pagesour losses. However, in the story of one man who couldn’t take the fact that someone as powerful as himself could lose a loved one, had no other choice but to learn the hard way of how to cope with his loss. In the Epic of Gilgamesh, a retold story by the best-selling author, Herbert Mason, tells the story of a king who was two thirds god and one third man. He was full of pride and made himself superior to others. Because he was so arrogant and oppressive to his people, it seemed that he needed companionshipRead MoreThe Role of Enkidu Essay1064 Words   |  5 PagesEpics are characterized by longevity of text, a poetic style, and an account of the accomplishments of a legendary hero. Herbert Mason’s interpretation of an extract of the Epic of Gilgamesh lacks a large amount of text and the legendary hero so common in later epics such as Odyssey and Beowulf. Because the later epics are considered to be based on the Epic of Gilgamesh it is important to consider why, in Mason’s translation, is there a lack of an impressive amount of text and of a legendary heroRead MoreCompare Contrast Gilgamesh and Beowulf1426 Words   |  6 PagesComparison and Contrast Essa y Final Draft: Gilgamesh vs. Beowulf The epics of Beowulf and Gilgamesh are about a pair of heroes who had many common characteristics as well as characteristics that contradict one another. Beowulf is a Christian epic that roots from the Anglo Saxon culture. Throughout the plot, there are numerous biblical allusions. â€Å"Grendel who haunted the moors, the wild Marshes, and made his home in a hell not hell but earth. He was spawned in that slime, conceived by a pair ofRead MoreEssay about The Role of Women in the Epic of Gilgamesh1125 Words   |  5 PagesWhat if women ruled the world? The question does not seem so strange today as it may have back in 2500 B.C.E., an age when people tell stories of the Great King of Uruk--Gilgamesh. Although the story of â€Å"Gilgamesh† revolves around themes of masculinity and brotherhood--with its male prerogative, its composers develop several strong female characters which suggest women have great influence in a male-dominated, Mesopotamian society. The first female character that influences a man is the prostituteRead MoreTheme Of Sexuality In Gilgamesh1484 Words   |  6 PagesSexuality in Gilgamesh: Through history, independent cultures have developed stories, legends and myths that share common roots. From Shakespeares dramas to modern soap operas, the expression of the collective subconscious creates similarities in theme and purpose that transcend differences of time, genre, or race. Among these universal themes, one in particular echoes more than the rest: sexuality, and its importance. In the worlds oldest text, Gilgamesh, sexuality’s role is depicted prominentlyRead MoreThings Fall Apart and Exile Essay1047 Words   |  5 Pagesself-imposed banishment from one’s home or given as a form of punishment. Exile results in solitude; leaving people only time to reflect upon their self. B. The main characters in The Epic of Gilgamesh, The Tempest, and Things Fall Apart all encounter exile due to their actions. C. (THESIS) – The protagonists, Gilgamesh, Prospero, and Okonkwo all have experiences of exile which alienate them from their homeland, but as hurtful as it is for them to go through; their experience alienates them causingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh 1596 Words   |  7 PagesChristina Moore July 23, 2015 In the verse narrative The Epic of Gilgamesh the principal character Gilgamesh, King of Uruk, is described as a being that is two-thirds god and one-third man. Gilgamesh is a hero/protagonist who exhibits many more human features than divine features. This makes him a flawed hero because all humans are flawed. The Epic of Gilgamesh is the same type of story that is seen in the Old Testament. The story itself was found on stone tablets, written in the same time periodRead MoreAnalysis Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh Essay2178 Words   |  9 PagesGeorgia Perimeter College Epic of Gilgamesh Jung M Gu World Literature 129 Liam Madden 12/2/2016 â€Æ' Jung Gu Professor Liam Madden World Literature 11/30/16 The Epic of Gilgamesh The story about Gilgamesh is one of the earliest pieces of world literature dating back to the second millennium B.C.E. This story has been evolved gradually over a long span of a millennium, and has been enjoyed by many nations. The Epic of Gilgamesh teaches life lessons that apply to the past and presentRead More A Jungian Analysis of the Epic of Gilgamesh Essay3198 Words   |  13 PagesA Jungian Analysis of the Epic of Gilgamesh   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This paper will provide a unique, psychological perspective on a timeless story that is alive with mythological and religious splendor. I must state clearly that this is not the first time that Gilgamesh has been viewed in the light of the philosophy of Jung.   One of two Jung essays I happened upon while preparing my research was the Psychology of Religion. Although I initially felt that this source would provide little help with my paper, I

William Faulkner, A Native Of Mississippi, And Flannery O...

William Faulkner, a native of Mississippi, and Flannery O’ Connor, a native of Georgia, are widely recognized as two of the most important and challenging American writers of fiction in the 20th century. Both of them are also two of the most typical writers who use the Southern Gothic style in their stories, which employs the use of ghastly, ironic events to investigate the values of the American South, such as A Rose for Emily of Faulkner, and A Good Man Is Hard to Find of O’ Connor. In the story A Rose for Emily, one of the most famous stories of Faulkner, a well-to-do woman is discovered to have the rotting corpse of her lover in her bedroom. O’ Connor’s short story A Good Man Is Hard to Find depicts a southern family’s demise at the hands of ruthless murderer. While both O’ Connor and Faulkner use the southern gothic style, however, they use it to illuminate different aspects of southern culture. The most important and defining aspect of southern gothic writing is the use of macabre, or grotesque, events. To define, â€Å"The grotesque is a literary technique or style that distorts the normal to the point of absurdity, ugliness and caricature. A setting, character or action can be bizarre, incongruous, ugly, unnatural or fantastic. In Faulkner, West and O’ Connor the grotesque is a mixture of the comic and tragic. Their characters are not only physically but spiritually deformed, and hence are signs of deeper, tragic conflicts.† (qtd. in Harmon and Holman). These macabre

Business Ethics & Organization Studies-Free-Samples-Myassignment

Questions: 1.In your own words Identify and briefly describe two major ethical issues from the article titled Enron Ethic. 2.How might we enact and develop virtuous traits? How does this theory Compare to Consequentialist and Non-Consequentialist theories? 3.Do you think that Kelloggs CSR statement is sincere, or is the company merely trying to convince stakeholders that it is a socially responsible company? Assess Kelloggs CSR statement using Kantian theory. 4.Fair trade can sometimes be grounded in the assumption that it helps to address slave labour and give fair returns to farmers. What other perspectives on fair trade could be considered? Do corporations have a responsibility to the global Community? Answers: 1.The initial phase of the twenty first century has experienced a large number of organizational failures because of wrong ethical practices. According to Sims and Brinkmann lack of attention in organizational culture to ethical practice leads to organizational collapse and corruption. The Enron scandal is a significant example of organizational failure because of ethical misconducts in accounting and finance business (Soltani 2014). Through this corporate scandal the managements practice of pressuring the employees for improving the economic profit. Sims and Brinkmann showed how Enrons ethics showed the contradiction between promise and practice. It fore grounded the conflict between the organizations rotten structure and deceiving glossy (Sims and Brinkmann 2003). The auditor of Enron Arthur Andersen engaged in unethical practice by misrepresenting the financial statement. Enron kept hidden their financial problems from its investors and stakeholders (Giannetti and Wang 2016). The top management of Enron developed an organizational culture within the company that valued the bottom line profits above the right ethical practice. The leaders reaction to the crisis also brings the organizational value to the surface. The leaders started pointing and blaming each other. The accusations the leadership was receiving initially the deliberately overlooked it but after the accusations started coming to the surface they applied different strategies. The organization strategically fired everyone who started blaming the managements wrong pr actice before they officially announced it. The employees were forced by the leaders to stretch the ethical limitation as further as possible to achieve the next big financial target. 2.According to Aristotle if we obtain good habits we will be able to regulate our emotion and reason in a better way (Yu 2013). This will help us to take right moral decisions even in the difficult situations. In the critical thinking individual characteristic contribute significantly. The ultimate goal of happiness could be achieved if we build up virtuous character. He focused more on finding the mean than the moral virtue in order to cultivate a virtuous character. We have to act honestly in the right way at the right time. We must have to avoid extreme emotions and actions to be virtuous. To develop ourselves as the ethically virtuous human beings we have to cultivate human virtues not too little or not too much (YouTube 2012). In the consequentialsit school of virtue the morality is judged by the consequences (Portmore 2016). If the consequence results in positive way then it is considered to be ethically right but if it results negatively it is morally wrong. In the practice of Non-consequestialism the reasons are valued not the results. The intentions decide the ethical quality. The responsibility to do the right things drives us to engage in right ethical practice. Therefore both are focused on judging the actions in consequestialist and non-consequestialist theory but Artistotles virtue ethics judges the character. 3.The Customer Social Responsibility statement by Kellogg does not appear sincere. After examining the various issues it is evident that the company is superficially trying to convince the stakeholders that they highly value socially responsible service. Instead it has been found that they are engaged in irresponsible business and customer misguiding. The company has claimed to invest their money for improving public health by producing nutritious food products (Kelloggcompany.com 2017). The British Food Commissions investigation found that their Coco Pops bar is harmful for health as it contains high sugar and fat. Another product of the company the LCM bar also lack dietary fibre and carries high amount of saturated fat. These products highlight the contradiction between Kelloggs big promise and their practice. The unethical behavior of the company has come to the surface by their production of harmful food. The Kantian theory can be interpreted in the business CSR in various ways. One aspect would be acting by the universal laws. The theory encourages treating everyone as human beings and not just as a mean to achieve something. The organizations should treat stakeholders as persons, not like Kelloggs treatment towards it stakeholders. They are making false promises just to get more profit. The Kantian theory of subjects acting as a member of ideal kingdom can be interpreted as the organizations act as an ethically strong community (Michaelson et al. 2014). The CSR method by Kellog does not support the customers profit as they only want to ensure their own profit by producing potentially harmful products for public health. 4.The trade fair is also potential for the small producers for long term benefit. In a fair trade system helps them to nurture leadership and grow strongly bonded communities (Brett 2017). In the direct trade a single farmer gets benefitted but in the trade fair they gain profit collectively. Therefore the trade fair strengthens the farmer community. They increase their business by sharing knowledge and participating in the decision making. However there are different views on the topic as well. In the developing countries the market share is so small that it fails to influence the common living standards. The organizations do not engage in effective communication outside the corporations. Also though trade fair cuts off the middle man but the organizations cannot effectively transfer the full amount the producers. The organizations from the developed countries should engage more in improving the system. The corporations should allow average priced products in their markets by large quantities. Most private corporations in the world covers global economys three quarters, so there contribution to the global community is significant. The organizations must engage in responsible business and economic development. The organizations from the developed countries must address the issues such as food security. The corporations donating money also proves their interest to improve the global community. This not only helps its reputation to the global market bust also to its stakeholders. The corporations should participate more responsibly in order to break the monopoly of certain organizations and enhance the global corporate economy. The need of the global community must be addressed. The organizations should encourage sharing their values, working collaboratively and by strengthening the global commun ity developing a sustainable business. References Brett, A., 2017. Fairtrade, fair-trade, fair trade and ethical trade: reflections of a practitioner.Fairtrade Impacts: Lessons from around the world Rugby, p.121. Giannetti, M. and Wang, T.Y., 2016. Corporate scandals and household stock market participation.The Journal of Finance,71(6), pp.2591-2636. Kelloggcompany.com. (2017).Ethics Culture. [online] Available at: https://www.kelloggcompany.com/en_US/about-ethics.html [Accessed 26 Aug. 2017]. Michaelson, C., Pratt, M.G., Grant, A.M. and Dunn, C.P., 2014. Meaningful work: Connecting business ethics and organization studies.Journal of Business Ethics,121(1), pp.77-90. Portmore, D.W., 2016. The Dimensions of Consequentialism: Ethics, Equality and Risk, written by M. Peterson.Journal of Moral Philosophy,13(6), pp.747-750. Sims, R.R. and Brinkmann, J., 2003. Enron ethics (or: culture matters more than codes).Journal of Business ethics,45(3), pp.243-256. Soltani, B., 2014. The anatomy of corporate fraud: A comparative analysis of high profile American and European corporate scandals.Journal of Business Ethics,120(2), pp.251-274. YouTube. (2012).Aristotle's Virtue Ethics. [online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ruPdUxkqqoA [Accessed 26 Aug. 2017]. Yu, J., 2013.The ethics of Confucius and Aristotle: Mirrors of virtue(Vol. 7). Routledge.

Toward a Run - Free Financial System

Question: Discuss about the Essay for "Toward a Run - Free Financial System". Answer: Introduction This report is based on the research made by John C. Cochrane on the title Towards a Run free financial System. In this report I am going to discuss the research and analysis made by John C. Cochrane who presented his strong views on a Run free financial system. He has defined financial crisis as a systematic run and the central regulatory system should be able to remove the run prone security from the financial system. He has strongly condemned the current the current regulatory structure by addressing it as hopeless. As per his opinion it is very simple to eliminate the runs and crisis which can be done with the rule based and simple liability regulations. He has also emphasised on the use of modern computational and financial technologies which can overcome the narrow banking. Through his research, he has suggested the application of Pigouvian taxes which offers a better structure for controlling the debt issues as compared to the capital ratios. He further added that the financial institutions should be 100% funded by the equity so that in the case of debt or run the investors or a financial institution does not face run or crisis. In this report I am going to discuss run, run prone assets, stopping runs, policies to handle the financial crisis and recommendations will be made as per the feasibility of the solution. John C. Cochrane in his work acknowledged one of the culprits of Financial Crisis occured in year 2008, which was the influential shadow banking system and did not rely on the bank deposits. Also he proposed a tax on the issue of any risky short-term debt (Havemann, 2009). Cochrane admitted that his proposed system would not have been possible in the 1930s- but with the latest technology, the customer can make the financial transactions by using profit from the money markets and exchange the traded funds without relying on the liquidity of a bank. Under the proposed banking system of Cochranes, the banks would still be allowed to arbitrate the financial transactions and act as broker-dealers or custodians customarily. He defined, Financial crisis as a situation in which the value of financial assets and institutions fall down rapidly. Such situation of financial crisis arises due to run on the banks or chaotic situations in which the investors withdraws their saving accounts and sell off their financial assets with the perception that their price may fall down if associated with the financial institutions . The author conducted a research to propose a run free financial system for which he analyzed the shadow banking run, systematic run, causes for a run, how a run can be avoided, how a run can be stopped and what are the real effects of the run. It seems that implying the Runs and Run Prone Assets policy is a good idea. It basically reflects a situation of fractional reserve, where the banking system holds a large number of customers withdrawing their saving bank accounts and financial assets from a financial institution which they expect may face a financial crisis or become insolvent in the future is termed as Run. John C. Cochrane in his work presented the views on Run, characteristics of run prone security and run prone contracts, such as Demand deposit. The short maturity promises for a fixed value does not come under a run prone contract. He stated that if a financial institution is able to meet the demand of the creditors by selling his assets, the run cannot be developed (Cochrane, 2014). It seems to be certainly right that the chances of bankruptcy are less when the 95% of the finance to the institution is provided by the Equity which states that Run needs a large amount of fund is provided by the run prone security . Real effects The crisis may show real and strong effects, when the whole financial status of an economy is disturbed. There are two factors which hold a large macroeconomic effect and may be the possible reason for financial crisis i.e., Financial constraints and Aggregate demand. As per his point of view, financial constraints may create the gap which makes a healthy economy starved of the appropriate funds. I believe that the revenue when earned should be recorded that very time. Because, it is not so essential to collect the revenue initially and then record it further. Also, it is not important to receive the revenue to record it in the books. The revenue is entered into the books of accounts either when it is realized or realizable. When the products are sold the revenue becomes realizable and it can be entered into books and it is not important to let the transaction fully take place. But when the sale is made, it is significant to note that the ownership should be transferred first and then revenue becomes realizable, only then it is recorded in the journals. There are different rules of different entities, for example, some entity record the revenue during the production stage, some recognize it after production stage and before the sale is actually made. But some entities only record it when they get the cash and only after that the final statements are recorded (Cowen, 2014). Stock Again John suggested a solution for handling systematic runs in which he proposed a solution that the financial institutions should be funded by the Equity as Common Equity is immune from the run as per his opinion in terms of stock again. Another example of run proof intermediary is an exchange traded fund (ETF) which means funds cannot go bankrupt when the value of assets falls. It is to be noted that the transactions which can be expressed in monetary form shall be recorded and communicated. The issues which cannot be expressed in monetary units or the transactions, there are other methods for their expression, but financial areas are covered by the accounting system and which can be mentioned in form of currency. One important thing of this assumption is that due to inflation, the purchasing power of the currency is lost with time but here in recording the statements in accounts books we move with the presumption that unit of currency is stable in value. It is also known as stable dollar presumption. But when there are cases of hyperinflation, this strategy doesnt work and figures are required to be changed or adjusted. These kinds of situations come less often. For Example: The plant and machinery of the company in 2010 balance sheet were to $10 billion. In 2011, the inflation rate was 15%. Due to this monetary unit assumption there was no adjustment made in the prior or current figures. Capital Regulation The entire discussion of the author has been evolved around the analysis of runs and crisis and how they could be stopped; another important issue which has been discussed by the author is raising the bank capital. There are a number of steps suggested by the author which can help the bank to increase its capital which has been listed below: The first step is to eliminate the distortion sponsored debts mainly the short term debts. It is important that debts should be subsidized and its use should be condemned. The next target is dividends versus tax deductibility of the interest payment. The money market funds such as intermediaries are required to hold the debt for the short term as it carries the lowest risk weight for the bank (The World Bank Group, 2014). An increase in the demand for the run prone assets encourages the supply by intermediaries which may result in the financial crisis which needs to be controlled. It is very important for a company or any other entity to give full disclosure of its statements to the creditors or the public at large to make them know the true financial position of the entity. It is important because it helps the public to take decisions and invest in the company or entity. This helps to disclose all the relevant reports and statements. These statements depict a clear picture of all the accounting policies of the entity and the records of the revenues as well as details about the property that is how it is depreciated and information regarding other items for example income taxes, dividends, inventory etc. The creditors take decision of providing credit to the entity only on the basis of the financial statements of the entity. It is important for the entity to record true information and provide to the public a true picture of the entity and no window dressing should be done. There should not be any fraud by the entity on the creditors, investors or public. The judgment of the people is based on these records and on the basis of this information the investors enter long term projects with the entity. So full disclosure of all the information is very imperative and useful as well For Example, A company named Paul Real Estate, purchased one acre of property and after two years a man accidently slipped on that piece of property and met with many injuries. The man sued the company for negligence and the suit continues for three years. It is important for the company to disclose this in the statements. Run Free Financial System A comparative analysis has been made by the author of his views on the run free financial system with the views of Dodd Frank on the same. He has summarized his opinions related to the financial crisis and the reasons that may cause a run in the financial institution and how it can be avoided. John identified the systematic run as the reason for the financial crisis, but Dodd Frank, was unable to actually find the root cause of the run or crisis in a financial institution. It seems that he did not define, any specific reason due to which financial system fails (Caballero Farhi, 2016). Moreover, he did a very less work in order to improve the financial situation. He just focussed on the dangerous institutions which may probably affect the economy of the country. It should be noted that the resolution and macro prudential policies which are proposed by Dodd Frank just focussed on fire fighting and provided tools for managing the crisis. But, on the other hand, John work was only based on carrying out the detailed analysis of the cause of the problem, how it can be avoided, stopped and what measures could be taken to handle the financial system to make it run free. So, the other issues have been missed out and thus, the causes for that needs to be assessed and corrective actions should be taken accordingly. Fixing Bankruptcy Witnessing the economic conditions, it is vital to propose the regulations to fix the bankruptcy for which a systematic banking system is required which should be backed up by the equity. Moreover the loss of a financial system should be handled in such a way that it does not affect the investors personal stakes, business and the countrys economy (Team, 2016). There have been a number of proposals given by some authors (French et.al, Hart Zingales) which suggest that the debts under some circumstances can be converted into equity. John in his work has presented a basic difference amongst the financing a large portion of bank assets and short term promises in market making, matched book, loan generation and other bank activities. It is important to detect the hidden run prone financing through regulations and it is easy to track in comparison to capital regulation, current asset regulation and stress testing. I believe that the activities related to business which are to be entered in the books of accounts will remain separate from the personal activities of the owner. It provides that the separate records should be maintained of the accounts of the business as well as bank accounts should also be separately maintained. There should not be intermixing of the assets of the owner with the assets of the entity and same goes with the liabilities. The transactions of the business should be related to the entity and not to the owner. The entity can be partnership, governmental agencies; sole proprietors etc. The transactions of the business should always be considered important over the personal transactions of the owner or owners. It is originated that a separate record should be maintained on a daily basis to avoid any confusion and these records are very essential for the future references and are considered to be important documents for the goodwill of the entity. So, it is very important to effectively set up these records. For Example: Mr. Gopal, a partner in The Times Square, pays off the price of his personal items through the credit card of the company. He says that these are not personal expenses, but is business expenditure because he should wear good new clothes to look good for the clients. But this is not a business, but a personal expense and cannot be recorded in accounts books. Current Policy Run and crisis have been a part of the financial system, but it needs to be managed so that it does not affect the countrys economic stability. A set of rules and regulations needs to be proposed that will manage the situation in case there is the probability of crisis and runs. As discussed above the flaws in the existing system is responsible for the financial crisis that a country had faced, there is a need to form new policies with the help of modern communication and computing technologies (Mathiason, 2008). The information which is important for financial statement should be definitely recorded, because it will decrease the flaws of the system. When the information is important for the company, it automatically becomes important for those who would like to invest in the company or for the creditors who would like to give credit to the company. This varies from entity to entity. The information which is relevant for one entity may not be relevant to the other entity. Sometimes, a piece of information which is material for short scale information may not be important for a large scale enterprise. The expert personnel are appointed to judge whether the information is relevant or not. The relevancy of information may be judged on various attributes and the quality of information matters and not the quantity of information. This information is important for those who are interested in entity and the users study every detail of these statements so these statements should be properly and systematically maintained. The details as to how the events which h are uncertain are to be recorded. It was suggested that the records should be maintained by recording the minimum to minimum profits and not exaggerating it and it is to be done by making records of losses or the expenditure which is uncertain and not the uncertain gains. Overestimation of the records, provide a wrong picture of the company to the persons who are interested in investing in the company or who wish to deal with the company. The minimum profits and maximum profits should be recorded as this provides true information to the users and does not promote the window dressing. It means that, it is safe to record the revenues when they are actually earned and till then the minimum amount should be recorded. Other ways out John C. Cochrane has also emphasized on the run free financial system which means protecting an economy or a financial system from the crisis and run. He has suggested the best solutions through run can be avoided and stopped as well, which have been discussed below (The George Washington University Law School, 2014). It is evident that Run affects the financial institution as well as the countrys economy, which are an identifying feature mentioned in some contracts being issued by the intermediaries. When the reason for run lies in the contract it is better to fix them with some regulations and use of run prone contracts should be strongly discouraged. As per his opinion, the commercial banks should be financed by equity, which will help their institution to be protected against the run and crisis. With equity the investor claim will float freely and they will have no claim on the financial institutions which will protect the institution from bankruptcy. Pigouvain Tax, as a strategic effluent fee is evaluated against the business and private individuals to be engaged in the specific activity. This type of tax is generally used to discourage the activities which impose a net cost of manufacture on third parties which is called as a negative externality. John has favored the implementation of these taxes, as it is better than quantity controls in a number of areas of regulations and will also dispel the critics who lead the economic requirement of short term debt financing. Also, the demand for safe and liquid investment made by the investors is satisfied by the short term debt. Such debts are supplied by the financial sector by holding the positions in risky assets such as securities and loans which are funded by the short term debts. The author has investigated the need for fixed value assets, liquid, money and money, such as securities when the people these days are already using the modern technology for sale and purchase. Recommendation After an analysis of the research made by the John C. Cochrane I totally agree that the insolvency is the main focus of our attention. Modern banks are over-selling the safe asset, and the bank accounts need to be structured in a better way so that there is less risk of insolvency. Now, another problem of them being too correlated to fail a financial downturn affects the system as a whole, which leads to bailout and crises. There are certain recommendations that have been made to make a financial system run free which is discussed below: If the banks are insured against the macroeconomic risks, bank problems will be less correlated and there will be a less moral hazard. The regulations related to the financial system should be altered after a period of time. The use of modern communication and financial technology should be promoted to make the banking free from the run. The financial institution should be funded by equity which will help them to get a protection from the run. The intermediaries contract which is prone to run should be avoided and their use should be strongly condemned. Innovation in the financial institution is required to handle the issues in an effective and efficient way. Certain measures should be taken against all the processes carried in a financial institution. Development of prudent monetary and fiscal policies, better regulation of the financial sector, which includes the reduction of the problem of too-big-to-fail the banks, and development of effective macro-prudential policies is required. Despite the new regulations and good supervision, crises are probable to recur, in part as they can reflect the deep problems which are related to the political economy and income inequality, and human behaviour. One of the most natural objections which are expected from a bank is to convert the maturity and risk, create liquidity, lend long and risk and borrow short and safe. This is one of the most important functions which must certify that the safety of the assets of the people. Though, maturity and credit risk cannot be removed completely, but it can be altered and modified suiting to the demands of the customer. So, investing in such function should be avoided. The Safe assets have been utilized as a trustworthy store of value which also aids the capital preservation in the construction of a portfolio. I think that it is being a key element in the discreet regulation and safe assets would probably help the banks in providing the mechanism for improving the liquidity and capital buffers. As a point of reference, the safe asset certainly extends the support for the pricing of other risky assets. Ultimately, the safe assets are considered as a critical element in the operation of the monetary policy. (Gorton Ordonez, 2013). As per the whole assessment, implying the capital regulations and implementation of Pigouvian taxes, is better than maintaining quantity controls in a number of areas of regulations. From his point of view as well, this will probably dispel the critics who lead the economic requirement of the short-term debt financing. Then, there are certain objections which have been discussed, including demand and supply of the safest assets, credit supply and fixation of bankruptcy. I believe that all the above mentioned points can assist in developing economy free from the run and financial crisis. Conclusion This report is based on the research and analysis made by Professor John C. Cochrane on run free financial system. In his research work he has conducted a detailed analysis of the financial system, causes for a run and financial crisis, how the run and crisis can be avoided and tackled, and the real effects of a run, analyzed the current policy and objections and made a comparative analysis. A run free financial system has been viewed in the context of financial technology and modern communication. An analysis has been made on the objections which includes the demand and supply of safe assets which is a preventive measure taken by the investors, credit supply to ensure the investors with safe assets and possible methods have been suggested to control a bankruptcy. Further the current policy with rules and regulations have been examined to ensure the run free financial system which includes the deposit guarantees, innovation in the financial system, being competitive in the market and make the market more fragile. The analysis made by Prof. John C. 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